Ethiopia experiences earthquakes and volcanic activity due to tectonic movements resulting from the separation of continents millions of years ago, with current seismic activity concentrated in the Afar region. Recent events include over 200 earthquakes, prompting calls for improved geological monitoring and community safety measures.
Ethiopia’s geological activity, characterized by earthquakes and volcanoes, is a result of a process initiated 18 million years ago with the breakup of continents leading to the formation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. A significant crack formed 11 million years ago in the Afar Depression, where molten rock from the mantle rises, creating eruptions and rifts in the earth’s crust. The interplay of moving tectonic plates results in seismic activity, often felt as earthquakes, which notably affects regions like Fentale.
The Afar region is recognized as one of the world’s most tectonically active zones. Recent seismic activity in Fentale has seen over 200 recorded earthquakes of magnitude 4 or higher, with the largest reaching a magnitude of 6 on the Richter scale. While no volcanic eruptions have occurred recently, the potential for future eruptions exists, particularly as earthquakes typically precede such events. Damage has been reported to infrastructure, impacting buildings and roads even as far away as Addis Ababa, nearly 190 kilometers distant.
Current seismic monitoring utilizing satellite radar indicates that hot, molten rock is ascending from depths of approximately 10 kilometers beneath Fentale. Future geological scenarios remain uncertain, hinging on factors such as the heat and viscosity of the molten rock, along with the strength of surrounding geological materials. Potential outcomes range from cooling of the molten rock, leading to solidification, to eruptions resulting from the molten rock’s movement to the surface.
To better predict and mitigate geological hazards, scientists advocate for enhanced monitoring techniques including volcanic gas measurements, GPS tracking, and geophysical studies. Community engagement is also deemed crucial, necessitating collaboration among scientists and government officials to inform at-risk populations about possible geological events.
Ethiopia’s earthquakes and volcanic activity stem from complex geological processes involving the movement of tectonic plates and the ascent of molten rock. Recent activity in regions like Fentale signals a continuation of these processes, which could result in future eruptions. Enhanced monitoring and community education are vital steps in mitigating risks associated with this dynamic environment.
Original Source: www.downtoearth.org.in
