A support mission at Djibouti’s University Hospital aims to strengthen malaria control by training technicians in the use of a sequencer for parasite sequencing. This initiative addresses a critical public health need by enabling accurate diagnosis and tracking of resistance. The findings are expected to adjust treatment strategies, while also considering the effects of climate change on malaria transmission.
The support mission at Djibouti’s University Hospital laboratory aims to enhance malaria control through improved diagnostic capacities. A sequencer was procured with funds from the Global Fund to implement sequencing protocols focused on monitoring the efficacy of antimalarial treatments. This initiative was launched in response to a 2021 request from the National Malaria Control Program of Djibouti, providing training for technicians in these protocols.
Malaria poses significant public health challenges in Djibouti. The country previously lacked essential tools for effective diagnosis and surveillance of malaria. The introduction of a sequencer allows for detailed sequencing of parasite genes, enabling the identification of drug resistance through the observation of genetic mutations associated with treatment. This knowledge is critical for ensuring appropriate medication and controlling malaria spread in the population.
The mission’s objective was to educate University Hospital technicians on sequencing and data interpretation, structured over three stages: initial familiarity with molecular biology, implementation of sequencing protocols, and interpretation of results. Between April 2023 and March 2024, five technicians underwent training. They will subsequently be equipped to train their colleagues, thereby strengthening the overall malaria control efforts in Djibouti.
Additionally, the sequencing results address a significant gap in knowledge regarding resistant parasite strains in the region. The absence of studies since 2006 and the discovery of a novel mutation underscore the high scientific quality of this investigation. Although it remains unclear if this mutation signifies resistance, it highlights the importance of ongoing research and monitoring.
The findings from this mission have been shared publicly at the Djibouti University Hospital, enabling accurate diagnoses and informed treatment decisions. This development is anticipated to reduce the occurrence of erroneous detections and enhance surveillance capabilities, allowing public health authorities to select the most effective treatments based on current data. Adjustments to the nation’s antimalarial strategy have been recommended in light of these insights.
Furthermore, climate change poses challenges to malaria control efforts in Djibouti, similar to impacts experienced worldwide. Extreme weather events, such as tsunamis and floods, facilitate mosquito proliferation by creating conducive environments for larval development. An increase in temperature and humidity can further exacerbate the situation by affecting mosquito behavior and survival, potentially leading to increased transmission of malaria parasites. Additionally, climate change may contribute to the mutation of parasites, necessitating ongoing vigilance and adaptability in data used to combat malaria.
The initiative at Djibouti’s University Hospital represents a pivotal step toward enhancing malaria surveillance and control through improved diagnostic tools and technician training. The acquisition of a sequencer and the subsequent training empower local healthcare workers to identify resistant strains, improve treatment accuracy, and inform public health strategies. Furthermore, recognizing the implications of climate change on malaria transmission will be essential in adapting control measures effectively. This multifaceted approach aims to significantly reduce malaria incidence in Djibouti.
Original Source: linitiative.expertisefrance.fr
