Nigeria is experiencing a significant outbreak of Lassa fever, with 100 deaths and over 2,700 suspected cases reported in early 2025. The disease, caused by the Lassa virus, is transmitted via rodents and poses serious health risks, particularly to pregnant women. Efforts are being made to combat the outbreak, including public education and enhancing health systems. Communities are urged to maintain cleanliness and proper food storage to mitigate risks.
Lassa fever continues to pose significant health challenges in Nigeria, reporting 100 fatalities in the first quarter of 2025. As the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) indicates, there are currently 2,728 suspected cases and 535 confirmed cases across 13 states, with Ondo, Bauchi, Edo, and Taraba being severely impacted. The disease has recorded an alarming 18.7% fatality rate, including that of a medical professional.
Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus, first identified in Borno, Nigeria, in 1969. It spreads through contact with the Natal multimammate mouse, prevalent in areas with inadequate sanitation. Transmission to humans occurs via contaminated food or household items, or through direct contact with infected rodents. Initial symptoms include fever and weakness, evolving to sore throat and nausea. Although 80% of cases are mild, severe infections can be life-threatening, especially for pregnant women.
Annual outbreaks of Lassa fever in Nigeria stem from factors such as insufficient awareness and delayed medical responses. Difficulties in diagnosis—due to symptom similarities with malaria and other illnesses—contribute to the issue, along with a limited number of testing facilities. Following a rise in cases since 2015, there is an increasing need for effective intervention.
Cases of Lassa fever occur year-round, but peak transmission is noted between October and May, coinciding with the dry season that increases human interaction with rodents. Climate change may extend this period, complicating control measures. Increased surveillance and geographical spread of the virus challenge the management of Lassa fever, highlighting the need for improved hygiene and environmental conditions.
Longstanding neglect in addressing the multifaceted drivers of the disease has hampered progress. Experts advocate for a comprehensive, holistic approach to Lassa fever that encompasses social, cultural, and governance factors. Inadequate food storage worsens the situation, necessitating systemic changes in agricultural practices to combat the endemic nature of the virus.
To improve the current scenario, experts recommend raising public awareness regarding Lassa fever and its prevention. A declaration of health emergency and enhanced community engagement are vital. Urgency exists for improved healthcare infrastructure, particularly in the access and distribution of the antiviral drug Ribavirin, which remains essential for treatment.
The NCDC has initiated a national Lassa fever management system to counter the outbreak through the distribution of personal protective equipment, Ribavirin, and thermometers in high-risk areas. The agency encourages the public to maintain hygiene by cleaning their environments, securely storing food, sealing entry points to homes, and responsibly disposing of waste to deter rodent populations.
In summary, Nigeria faces a grave challenge with Lassa fever, marked by significant mortality and increasing case numbers. The disease’s persistence is attributed to several factors including inadequate public awareness, limited laboratory facilities, and poor health infrastructure. Addressing these issues robustly, through community engagement and enhanced healthcare measures, is crucial for managing and ultimately controlling this endemic health threat. Additionally, public compliance with hygiene practices is essential in preventing the spread of the disease.
Original Source: africacheck.org
