A meningitis outbreak in Nigeria has led to 26 deaths, while five students in Kerala show symptoms. Health officials are monitoring the situation closely and advising vaccination and hygiene practices to prevent the spread of the disease.
A meningitis outbreak in Nigeria has resulted in the deaths of at least 26 individuals, while five students in Kerala, India, have presented symptoms of the disease. Since January, the Nigerian state of Kebbi has reported 200 suspected cases. Health officials in Kerala are conducting tests on samples and monitoring suspected cases among schoolchildren.
Recently, two young children aged seven and eight from Kochi were admitted to private hospitals with cerebral meningitis, and three additional students are exhibiting symptoms. These patients are all from the same private school in Ernakulam, which has temporarily closed as a precautionary measure. Authorities have advised close contacts of the infected to wear masks and are diligently overseeing the situation.
Meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or non-infectious factors such as cancer or head injuries. Symptoms often include fever, severe headache, nausea, confusion, and a stiff neck, requiring immediate medical consultation.
According to experts, various factors can elevate an individual’s risk for meningitis, including age, immune system status, and living conditions. Specific risk factors include:
• Age under five years, as they account for over 70% of bacterial meningitis cases.
• A weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV.
• Living in communal settings, such as dormitories.
• Presence of a CSF leak or absence of the spleen.
• Living in or traveling to areas with high incidence of infections linked to meningitis.
• History of persistent infections like pneumonia.
• Recent head injuries.
• Sickle cell disease or excessive alcohol consumption.
Symptoms of meningitis can vary, with babies displaying different signs compared to older children and adults. Key symptoms of bacterial meningitis include:
• Fever and headache
• Neck stiffness
• Nausea or vomiting
• Rash that resembles small round spots
• Disorientation, sensitivity to light, and extreme fatigue.
To mitigate the risk of meningitis, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccinations against common bacterial forms, including Hib, pneumococcal, and meningococcal vaccines. Vaccines such as MMR and varicella can help prevent viral meningitis. In addition, maintaining proper hygiene, including regular hand washing, avoiding sharing personal items, and consuming safe food and water can further reduce the risk of infection.
The reported meningitis outbreak highlights the importance of vigilance among health officials and the public alike. With cases emerging in both Nigeria and India, awareness of the signs, symptoms, and preventive measures is crucial. Vaccination, hygiene practices, and general health maintenance remain key strategies to combat this serious illness. Prompt medical intervention is essential for those exhibiting symptoms to minimize the risk of severe outcomes.
Original Source: www.business-standard.com
